Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) was a highly influential Ukrainian-born American geneticist and evolutionary biologist. As one of the most important 20th-century biological scientists, he made evolutionary biology a rigorous, genetically grounded science. In a 1973 publication, he famously stated (1): “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution” This dictum is memorialized in […]
Medications, Gabapentin, Musculoskeletal Pain, and Chiropractic Care
Americans spend a substantial amount on pharmaceuticals (prescription drugs) each year. In 2024, total prescription drug expenditures were approximately $806 billion, up 10.2% from 2023 (1). An additional $43 billion is spent yearly for over-the-counter drugs (2). Americans spend approximately $35 billion annually on pain medicines, encompassing both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription pain management drugs […]
The Importance of the Neck Pain Treatment Provider
The primary reason that people go to chiropractors is for the management of spine pain (1): 63% of chiropractic patients seek care for lower back pain 30% of chiropractic patients seek care for neck pain 91% of these patients report acceptable positive clinical outcomes to chiropractic care for these complaints The primary subject of this […]
Opioid Use for Spinal Pain and Spinal Manipulation as an Alternative
The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the highest level of evidence to establish causal associations and clinical benefits in clinical research (1, 2). Yet, the medical use of opioids in the Unites States for the treatment of pain has been based on very weak evidence, inflicting enormous harms on the US population (3). A […]
The Cervical Spine and Tinnitus
A classification method for nerves is to distinguish them as either spinal nerves or cranial nerves: Spinal nerves exit/enter the spinal cord via the intervertebral foramen between two adjacent spinal vertebrae. Cranial nerves exit/enter the brainstem and/or brain via the skull (cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory nerve, is an exception: it is fully formed […]
Chiropractic Care vs. Drugs for Spine Pain Syndromes
Background Concepts Allopathic providers (medical doctors) are primarily chemical providers of care (pharmacology/drugs). Government gives drug companies patents for their products, allowing for hundreds of billions of dollars in profits. Government does not grant patents on natural products, even if they work great, which is one of the reasons we hear much less about these […]
Pain, the Brain, and Chiropractic Care
Some History Humans discovered opioid chemicals about 6,000 years ago (1, 2). These chemicals could cause both euphoria and suppress pain. Initially, these chemicals were derived from plants, like the poppy. The most common legal plant-derived opioid is morphine. The most common illegal plant-derived opioid is heroin. More recently, opioids are made in chemical labs. […]
An Update on the Effectiveness and Safety of Chiropractic Care for Neck Pain
A Media Story On June 9, 2025, a headline in the People Magazine feed stated: “Chiropractor Tears Woman’s Artery While Cracking Her Neck” ••••• Sensational headlines exist because they grab the public’s interest and their attention. Yet, such headlines and the accompanied article may be unfair, incomplete, biased, or even flat out incorrect. Investigations into […]
Anatomical Short Leg Length
Altered Biomechanics and Altered Gait Future Joint Degeneration and Future Back Pain Following the discovery of x-rays in 1895 (by German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen), x-rays of the spine began to appear in healthcare research and literature. In 1916, Harvard Orthopedic Surgeon Robert W. Lovett, MD, published the third edition of his book Lateral Curvature […]
The Cyclic Nature of Low Back Pain
In April 2025, an important study was published in the journal Medicina, titled (1): Dynamic Cycle of Low Back Pain: A 17-Year, Population-Based Study Analyzing the National Health Insurance Service Data in South Korea The objective of this study was to describe the long-term recurrence patterns and healthcare utilization associated with low back pain (LBP) […]
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