Whiplash-associated disorders refer to a collection of symptoms—commonly neck pain, stiffness, headaches, dizziness, and reduced range of motion—that can develop after the neck is suddenly forced backward and forward, such as during a rear-end vehicle collision. It’s estimated that up to 50% of whiplash patients may continue to experience symptoms that last for months or even years. This longer-lasting condition is known as chronic whiplash-associated disorder. New research suggests that small, sensitive areas within muscles may be one factor associated with persistent symptoms in people with chronic whiplash.

Trigger points are tight, sensitive spots within a muscle that can be painful when pressed and may also cause pain to spread into nearby areas. In the study, researchers compared 32 adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder with 32 healthy adults to better understand the role of trigger points in ongoing pain. The study found that participants with chronic whiplash had significantly more active trigger points in several neck muscles than those without a history of whiplash. These active trigger points were commonly found in muscles involved in supporting the head and controlling neck movement, suggesting they may play a role in persistent symptoms.

The researchers also discovered that participants with a greater number of active trigger points tended to report higher pain intensity, more symptoms associated with nerve-related pain, and greater disability in daily life. This does not necessarily mean that trigger points cause chronic whiplash pain, but the findings suggest they may be an important part of the overall problem. Researchers have proposed that persistent pain and muscle sensitivity may interact with changes in how the nervous system processes pain, potentially contributing to symptoms that become more intense or widespread over time. Additional studies are needed to better understand these relationships and determine how they may influence treatment.

Although not everyone who experiences whiplash develops chronic symptoms, persistent neck pain following a whiplash injury can involve muscles, joints, ligaments, nerves, and other tissues. This makes a thorough evaluation important for identifying potential factors contributing to each person’s symptoms and determining an appropriate course of care. When symptoms persist or interfere with sleep, work, or daily activities, addressing these contributing factors may help improve movement, function, and quality of life.

Chiropractors are trained to evaluate musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries related to whiplash, and provide conservative care that may include manual therapy, soft tissue techniques, therapeutic exercises, and education to improve movement and function while addressing contributing factors such as muscle tension and joint stiffness, depending on the patient’s unique circumstances and specific needs.