Joint pain is common, especially in the knees, hips, shoulders, hands, neck, and lower back. While often described as a normal part of aging, joint pain is not always simply about “getting older.” There are multiple forms of arthritis, with osteoarthritis being the most common diagnosis. Researchers estimate that approximately 30–40% of middle-aged adults and 50–70% of older adults have some degree of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is commonly described as a “wear and tear” condition in which the cartilage that cushions joints gradually breaks down. Interestingly, normal daily movement is essential for joint health because cartilage does not have a direct blood supply. Instead, nutrients are delivered to joint tissues through changes in pressure that occur during movement, helping circulate joint fluid that nourishes cartilage and supports joint health. When normal joint motion becomes altered—often due to multiple contributing factors—the integrity of the cartilage tissue can become compromised. As this process develops, an individual may experience pain, stiffness after periods of rest, swelling, reduced range of motion, or difficulty with daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or gripping objects.

Some risk factors for osteoarthritis cannot be changed, including aging and genetics; however, many contributors are considered modifiable and often work in combination to affect joint health:

• Repetitive stress from certain occupations, sports, or activities may gradually increase stress on joints.
• Past ligament injuries, fractures, or joint trauma can alter mechanics and increase stress on cartilage over time.
• Additional weight increases pressure on weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and lower back.
• Weak muscles provide less support and stability for joints, potentially increasing strain during movement.
• Poor alignment or biomechanical imbalances may place uneven stress on specific areas of a joint.
• Conditions such as diabetes, chronic low-grade inflammation, or metabolic syndrome may contribute to cartilage breakdown and joint irritation.

Because many of the factors that contribute to osteoarthritis involve joint mechanics, movement patterns, and physical stress on the body, treatment is often focused on restoring normal joint motion and improving function. Chiropractors commonly address these factors as part of a multimodal treatment approach that may include manual therapies, specific exercises, modalities, and patient education. When combined with healthy lifestyle habits, these approaches may help many individuals remain more active and functional despite joint changes.